Directional control valves are used in pneumatic systems to direct or stop the flow of compressed air or oil to their appliances. They are probably the most used elements in pneumatic systems and can be used for example to actuate a cylinder, a larger industrial valve, or air tools. The valves can have two or more ports and fulfil various circuit functions. The function and behaviour of the valve can be indicated by a symbol. The symbol however doesn't explain the construction of the valve. Directional control valves can be actuated by different means, such as manual actuation or solenoid actuation. This article focuses on the different directional solenoid valves for pneumatic systems.
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Each pneumatic system has an optimal operating pressure and exceeding this pressure results in excessive wear and wastes compressed air. Regulators are designed to maintain a consistent prescribed outlet pressure regardless of the inlet pressure and also maintain a consistent pressure regardless of flow rate requirements. The precision needed to maintain the regulation and flow requirements determines the type and cost of regulators needed.